When I was younger and heard the song "Buffalo Gals", I always had this mental image of great big fat hairy girls stomping across the dance floor. It was only later that it occurred to me that Buffalo probably referred to the city rather than the physical appearance of the womenfolk.

Victoria sponge was named for Queen VIctoria, not for a place caled Victoria. And all places called Victoria were named for Queen Victoria.
You should eally know that, Victoria Sponge!

That's a lot of times to have written Victoria.

Jaffa cakes

Scotch eggs

Madras Curry
Bombay Duck

Jamaica

You have shamed me

In fairness to Spongey though there was no requirement in the OP for the food to be named after the place

As in Jamaica ginger cake?

No, I was thinking of Jam !

Dover Sole

This made me lol literally!

Turkey

Philadelphia Cheese

Manchester Tart

Shrewsbury Biscuit

Pontefract cakes

Dorset knobs - biscuits which are made in Morcambelake "The Home of the Great Dorset Knob".

Kendal Mint Cake

Orange

Dundee cake!

Valencia oranges

Colwick (A suburb of Nottingham) cheese.

Iceland fish fingers

Kentucky Fried Chicken