Originally Posted by John259:
“I don't think the gravity has got anything to do with it, AFAIK it's purely the time taken for each planet to rotate on its axis by 360 degrees relative to the sun.
It also depends how you define a second. For example, that can be the current scientific definition (the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom; i.e. the same everywhere in the universe), or as 1/(60*60*24) of a average Earth day (again, the same everywhere), or as 1/(60*60*24) of an average day on the particular celestial object in question (i.e. different on Mars to Earth).
Nothing is truly real-time. It takes time for light from whatever you are looking at to reach your eyes, time for your retina cells to react, and time for the nerve signal to travel from your retina cells to your brain. It's only a question of how long that time is, which is (mostly) a function of the distance.”
We're going way off-topic here about a wee bit pedantry. Regardless of how you measure a unit of time, that unit will appear to take more or less time from the observers point of view.
It's all about relative motion and time dilation. When you consider that an atomic clock on a typical GPS satellite would tick faster by 38 microseconds due to Special (motion based) Relativity and General (warping of space time) Realativity.
So, because Mars has less density, it has less gravity (that is, it wraps space-time around it less than Earth does) so time advances at a different rate because of General Relativity as well as Special Relativity ( the motion based part that you pointed out).