Originally Posted by balthasar:
“It really has been a bit of a week for news...
I may have misread what I read recently, but the Sun is a third generation star?
EG.It died reformed started again, might have missed the memo on this one?”
More or less... sort of. Our sun and all the planets formed from a cloud of interstellar gas whch itself was formed from the remenants of older stars which had died in a super-nova. This accounts for the presence of the heavy elements we find on Earth - super-nova are the only place these heavy elements are formed then blown out into space.
2 things suggest our sun is at least a 3rd generation star (the third star to exist in this location of the galaxy). Firstly super nova have very short life-sp[ans so if a 1st generation star formed shortly after the start of the univers 13 billion years ago and died soon after there wuld be a 8 - 9 billion year wait until our sun formed which is rather unlikley, so the chances are at least one other star has been born and died in the same location. Secondly the ratio of the heavy elements is too high for a single super-nova to have produced them meaning the material our solar system is made out of is likely to have been recycled through at least 2 super-nova. However there is a good chance the sun is actually a 4th generation star as the time factor - 2 short lived super-nova over 8 or 9 billion years - seems unlikely. most likely there have been 2 super nova and at least one smaller star like our own sun.
This cycle will continue, over and over, until all of the light elements, mainly hydrogen and helium, which are used as fusion fuel in stars is used up. In around 100 trillion years it is estimated that the last stars, very small, dim, cold stars will eventually burn out and all the light in the universe will be gone. Eventually all of the material in the universe will disperse into a uniform medium and will cool to absolute zero. At this point time will cease to exist and the universe will have died (a theory called heat death). This will take an unimaginably long time.
It's quite a somber thought until you realise that if the entire life time of the universe was a day, we have not even reached the smallest fraction of time known to man past midnight yet.